On May 6, 2025, Germany’s political landscape is set for a significant transformation as the parliament prepares to officially elect Friedrich Merz, the leader of the conservative Christian Democratic Union (CDU), as the new Chancellor of Germany. This pivotal event marks a conclusive end to a period of political stagnation that had ensued following the collapse of the previous government. Merz’s ascension comes at a critical time, as he faces not only the daunting task of revitalizing the nation’s economy but also the challenge of navigating complex international relations amid a backdrop of rising far-right sentiments domestically.
Merz, aged 69, has made it clear that he intends to focus on reinvigorating Germany’s economy, which has faced considerable challenges in recent years. His promises underscore the urgency of addressing economic stagnation while reinforcing national interests on the global stage. In his first public address after signing a coalition agreement with the Social Democrats (SPD), Merz emphasized the “historical duty” his government bears to succeed. This sentiment resonates with supporters inside his party, who argue that effective governance could alleviate growing discontent among voters. As a member of the Bundestag, Mark Helfrich expressed that the government needs to demonstrate its problem-solving capabilities through responsible and transparent actions rather than drastic measures.
Despite the coalition formed by the CDU, its Bavarian counterpart the Christian Social Union (CSU), and the SPD, concerns linger over the fragile nature of their alliance. Holding a mere 328 seats in the Bundestag—just 12 more than the minimum required for a governing majority—means that Merz will have to tread carefully in his policies and actions. The recent federal election illustrated this dynamic, where the CDU/CSU saw only a modest increase in support while the SPD suffered its worst electoral outcome since World War II.
In the realm of policy, Merz has outlined plans to tighten immigration rules, invest substantially in the nation’s dilapidated infrastructure, and restore Germany’s rapport with key European allies. Additionally, he successfully maneuvered through legislation that exempts defense spending from Germany’s stringent debt constraints, which has garnered praise from observers like Claudia Major, a senior vice president at the German Marshall Fund in Berlin. However, with public support for the governing parties relatively low, Merz must cultivate broader acceptance of increased defense expenditures among the populace.
As Merz prepares to helm a government amidst this uncertainty, his greatest test may be the far-right Alternative für Deutschland (AfD), which has become the leading opposition party. The AfD has positioned itself as a formidable critic, advocating for stringent border controls, the cessation of arms supplies to Ukraine, and improved ties with Russia. Following its classification as an extremist organization by Germany’s domestic intelligence agency (BfV), tensions surrounding the AfD’s legitimacy and influence have escalated. This classification has prompted the party to initiate legal action against the BfV, claiming an abuse of power, as figures like Vice President JD Vance from the U.S. have publicly criticized the decision.
Navigating foreign policy with the United States is another crucial aspect of Merz’s impending government. His statements, reflecting a desire for European independence from the U.S., have elicited mixed reactions, yet he is reportedly determined to maintain strong transatlantic relations. It is speculated that during his initial foreign engagements—likely in Paris and Warsaw—he will address the perceived decline in Germany’s leadership role within the European Union under Olaf Scholz’s administration. Polish politician Agnieszka Pomaska highlighted the necessity for enhanced German-Polish collaboration, particularly in defense spending.
In conclusion, Friedrich Merz’s ascension to the Chancellorship heralds a new chapter in German governance, one marked by pressing economic challenges and the urgent need for political cohesion in a landscape characterized by rising extremism. Whether he can navigate these complexities and steer Germany towards renewed strength and stability remains to be seen as he steps into a role defined by both promise and peril.