The current political landscape in Italy is witnessing deep polarization surrounding a national referendum on citizenship laws that significantly impacts the lives of many residents, particularly those without formal citizenship. Scheduled for a Sunday and Monday session in June, the referendum proposes to shorten the waiting time for citizenship applications from ten years to just five. This change is seen as a way to align Italy with more progressive European nations that offer quicker pathways to citizenship for long-term residents. However, the referendum has sparked a passionate debate among citizens and their leaders, underlined by social sentiments, political allegiances, and individual stories of those affected.
At the center of this ongoing discourse is Sonny Olumati, a 39-year-old man who has spent his entire life in Italy yet remains a Nigerian citizen according to governmental recognition. Born in Rome, Sonny articulates his anguish, stating, “Not having citizenship is like… being rejected from your country.” As a dancer and activist, he has passionately advocated for a “Yes” vote in the referendum, reflecting the frustration shared by many who find themselves in a similar position: long-term residents contributing to society without officially being recognized as citizens. With the proposed change, approximately 1.4 million individuals, who have established roots and are vital to Italy’s workforce, could qualify for citizenship.
Contrastingly, the governing party led by Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni has expressed discontent with the referendum, labeling the current citizenship framework as “excellent” and “very open.” Meloni has even gone so far as to call for her supporters to abstain from voting, suggesting they enjoy their weekends at the beach instead. This apparent boycott complicates the situation, making it unclear how many citizens will turn out to vote, as the referendum requires a minimum of 50% participation to be validated.
Beyond political rhetoric, the societal implications of non-citizenship in Italy are stark. Many like Sonny face significant barriers stemming from their citizenship status, including obstacles to secure employment in public sectors. Insaf Dimassi, another case in point, underscores the personal anguish associated with being “Italian without citizenship.” Her frustration reveals deeper issues around identity and belonging as she recounts how her path to citizenship remains stymied by systemic challenges.
The struggle for a shift in citizenship policy extends beyond the upcoming referendum. Insaf poignantly illustrates the emotional weight of her status when she was reminded by her parents that despite their citizenship, she remained ineligible to vote or hold public office—similar sentiments echoed by many young people in Italy’s multicultural landscape. While the pending change seeks to streamline pathways to citizenship, the debate highlights broader themes of national identity and perceptions of ‘Italianness’ as the country grapples with increasing levels of migration.
Amidst these challenges, advocates for the reform, including members of the liberal party More Europe, argue that modifying the citizenship process does not lower the standards but rather acknowledges the contributions of foreign residents and recognizes their right to settle in an aging country that requires a revitalized workforce. This forward-looking perspective elicits a crucial dialogue around inclusivity and the shared future of a diverse Italy.
As the referendum’s date approaches, there is palpable tension across the country, reflecting both hope for a more inclusive Italy and apprehension stemming from political opposition to progressive reforms. Voter participation will be critical, and activists are working ardently to raise awareness, with demonstrations calling for a “Yes” vote seen in urban landscapes.
While the results could fundamentally alter the status of millions, the referendum is also framed as a larger assertion of identity and belonging for those who have made Italy their home but remain on the fringes of societal recognition. Regardless of the outcome, advocates like Sonny stress that discussions about the role and integration of non-citizen residents in shaping Italy’s future will persist, emphasizing a need for ongoing advocacy for a more equitable society.